英语中的时间从句：“when”和“will”
Jakub Marian
英语语法不允许我们在时间从句中使用将来时（例如“
I will give it to him after he arrives.
I will give it to him after he will arrive.
As soon as you get the email, let me know, please.
As soon as you will get the email, let me know, please.
同样的规则当然也适用于由连词“when”引导的时间从句：
I'll call you when I come home.
I'll call you when I will come home.
在“when”引导的是一个问题而不是从句的情况下，我们使用“will”来表达将来时：
When will you get the results?
When do you get the results?
当问题是间接的时，情况会稍微复杂一些。“when”之后的部分看起来像是一个时间从句，但实际上被理解为问题的一部分。例如，如果原始问题是：“When will you get the results?”，我们可以问：
Could you tell me when you will get the results?
(见下文细节) Could you tell me when you get the results?
第二个句子在语法上是正确的，但意义不同！在第一个例子中，你在询问对方什么时候会知道结果，回答可能是“在五点钟”。在第二个例子中，你是在请求对方在得到结果后通知你，因此他会等到得到结果后再通知你。
有时更难识别某个结构是间接问题。请考虑以下例子：
I don't know when he will come.
(见下文细节) I don't know when he comes.
我们可以这样重新表述这些句子：
What I don't know is: When will he come?
What I don't know is: At what time does he habitually come?
两个问题在语法上都是正确的，但只有第一个在询问具体时间。第二个问题中的现在时暗示我们在询问常规情况（例如每天或每周）。问题是现在时，因为回答也会是现在时，例如“He usually comes at 5 o'clock.”
最后，我们补充说明，“when”可以用来提供关于某个时间点的额外信息。比较以下两个句子：
I will go jogging tomorrow when there are no cars in the streets.
I will go jogging tomorrow, when there will be no cars in the streets.
我们应该这样理解这些句子：
Tomorrow, at a time when there are no cars, I will go jogging.
There will be no cars in the streets tomorrow, which is why I will go jogging.
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