Ingliz tilida vaqt qoʻshimcha gaplari: "when" va "will"

Ingliz tili grammatikasi bizga vaqt qo'shimcha gaplarida kelajak zamonni ishlatishga ruxsat bermaydi (masalan, "after", "as soon as", "before" va hokazo). Vaqt qo'shimcha gapida hozirgi zamonni ishlatishimiz kerak va bosh gapda kelajak zamonni yoki buyruq shaklini ishlatamiz. Masalan:

I will give it to him after he arrives.

I will give it to him after he will arrive.

As soon as you get the email, let me know, please.

As soon as you will get the email, let me know, please.

Xuddi shu narsa "when" bog'lovchisi bilan boshlangan vaqt qo'shimcha gaplari uchun ham amal qiladi:

I'll call you when I come home.

I'll call you when I will come home.

"when" so'zi savolni ifodalaganda, qo'shimcha gap emas, kelajakni ifodalash uchun "will" ishlatamiz:

When will you get the results?

When do you get the results?

Savol bilvosita bo'lganda vaziyat biroz murakkablashadi. "when" dan keyingi qism vaqt qo'shimcha gapiga o'xshaydi, lekin aslida savolning bir qismi sifatida tushuniladi. Masalan, agar asl savol: "When will you get the results?" bo'lsa, biz so'rashimiz mumkin:

Could you tell me when you will get the results?

(quyidagi tafsilotlarga qarang) Could you tell me when you get the results?

Ikkinchi gap grammatik jihatdan to'g'ri, lekin boshqa ma'noga ega! Birinchi holatda, siz ikkinchi shaxs natijalarni qachon bilishini so'rayapsiz, shuning uchun javob masalan, "soat beshda" bo'lishi mumkin. Ikkinchi holatda, sizdan natijalarni olgandan keyin sizga xabar berishini so'rayapsiz, shuning uchun u kutib turadi va keyin sizga xabar beradi.

Ba'zan bu tuzilmaning bilvosita savol ekanligini aniqlash qiyinroq bo'ladi. Quyidagi misollarni ko'rib chiqing:

I don't know when he will come.

(quyidagi tafsilotlarga qarang) I don't know when he comes.

Bu gaplarni quyidagicha qayta tuzishimiz mumkin:

What I don't know is: When will he come?

What I don't know is: At what time does he habitually come?

Ikkala savol ham grammatik jihatdan to'g'ri, lekin faqat birinchisi odamning qachon kelishini aniq so'raydi. Ikkinchi gapdagi hozirgi zamon, biz odatda nima sodir bo'lishini so'rayotganimizni ko'rsatadi (masalan, har kuni yoki har hafta). Savol hozirgi zamonda, chunki javob ham hozirgi zamonda bo'ladi, masalan, "He usually comes at 5 o'clock."

Nihoyat, "when" so'zini ma'lum bir vaqt nuqtasi haqida qo'shimcha ma'lumot berish uchun ishlatish mumkinligini qo'shamiz. Quyidagi ikki gapni solishtiring:

I will go jogging tomorrow when there are no cars in the streets.

I will go jogging tomorrow, when there will be no cars in the streets.

Bu gaplarni quyidagicha tushunishimiz kerak:

Tomorrow, at a time when there are no cars, I will go jogging.

There will be no cars in the streets tomorrow, which is why I will go jogging.

O'qishni davom ettiring

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Amerika va Britaniya inglizchasida "schedule" talaffuzi

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