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"Tofauti kati ya 'In the future' na 'in future' katika Kiingereza cha Uingereza na Marekani"

Future“ inaweza kuwa kivumishi au nomino katika Kiingereza. Ikiwa tunaitumia kama kivumishi, hatuongezi kiambishi chochote; tunatumia tu kiambishi cha nomino ambacho inahusiana nacho:

The card will be sent to you at a future date.
This policy will affect the future course of action.
We do it for future generations!

Bila shaka mantiki hiyo hiyo inatumika pia baada ya kihusishi „in“, ambacho wakati mwingine kinaweza kuwa kinachanganya:

I would like to address this issue in future articles.

Wakati „future“ inatumika kama nomino, hali ni ngumu kidogo. Ikiwa tunamaanisha kwa ujumla „kile kitakachotokea siku zijazo,“ kwa kawaida inatumika na kiambishi maalum:

No one knows the future.
No one knows future.
You should start thinking about the future.
You should start thinking about future.

Fungu „in the future“ katika Kiingereza cha Marekani na Uingereza

Fungu „in the future“ lina maana mbili. Linapomaanisha „katika wakati fulani ujao“, linatumika na kiambishi maalum:

I would like to move to Spain in the future.
I would like to move to Spain in future.

Hata hivyo, wakati „in the future“ linamaanisha „kuanzia sasa“, kuna tofauti kati ya Kiingereza cha Marekani na cha Uingereza. Mmarekani atasema „in the future“, kama ilivyo katika mfano uliopita, wakati Mwingereza anaweza kusema „in future“ (bila kiambishi). Kwa hivyo, sentensi „kuanzia sasa tafadhali kuwa makini zaidi“ inaweza kusemwa kama ifuatavyo:

In future, please, be more careful. (British English)
In the future, please, be more careful. (American English)

Ikiwa unazungumza Kiingereza cha Marekani, huna haja ya kufikiria tofauti hii kabisa. Lakini ikiwa unazungumza Kiingereza cha Uingereza, kutumia „in future“ badala ya „in the future“ kunaweza kubadilisha kabisa maana ya sentensi. Linganisha:

Human beings will live on the Moon in the future.
(Human beings will live on the Moon at some point in the future.)

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Human beings will live on the Moon in future. (British English only)
(Human beings will live on the Moon from now on.)

Taarifa ya pili ni hakika si ya kweli, wakati ya kwanza inawezekana kuwa ya kweli. Mifano mingine:

...
Hii siyo yote! Jisajili ili kuona sehemu iliyobaki ya maandishi haya na kuwa sehemu ya jamii yetu ya wanaojifunza lugha.
...

Sehemu iliyobaki ya makala hii inapatikana kwa watumiaji walioingia tu. Kwa kujisajili, utapata ufikiaji wa maktaba kubwa ya maudhui.

Endelea kusoma
Maoni