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by (EN)
giới từ, phó từ, tính từ

giới từ “by”

by
  1. gần
    The children played by the old oak tree.
  2. qua
    A cat slipped by the house unnoticed.
  3. trước
    I need to finish this report by Friday.
  4. bởi
    The cake was cut by the birthday girl.
  5. của
    The painting hanging in the hall is by Van Gogh.
  6. bằng
    She got the job by impressing the interviewers with her knowledge.
  7. theo
    The judge ruled by the law of the land.
  8. nhờ
    By Jove, you've finally understood the equation!
  9. theo
    The librarian organized the books by author.
  10. theo
    The temperature dropped by five degrees overnight.
  11. lần lượt
    The team tackled the problem step by step.
  12. theo số lượng
    He was eating cookies by the handful.
  13. mỗi
    The company's revenue is increasing by the month.
  14. theo lời
    By the witness's account, the suspect fled the scene.
  15. rộng dài
    The room measures 10 feet by 12 feet.

phó từ “by”

by (more/most)
  1. qua
    As we sat on the porch, the parade went by with music and colorful floats.
  2. gần đó
    The post office is just by, around the corner.
  3. bên
    Can you swing by the store and grab some milk?
  4. để dành
    She put some money by for her vacation.

tính từ “by”

dạng cơ bản by, không phân cấp
  1. phụ (ở vị trí không chính)
    We found a quiet by-lane to walk down.
  2. phụ (không chính yếu)
    The by-product of our invention is a reduction on CO2 emissions.