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by (EN)
preposição, advérbio, adjetivo

preposição “by”

by
  1. perto de
    The children played by the old oak tree.
  2. por
    A cat slipped by the house unnoticed.
  3. até
    I need to finish this report by Friday.
  4. por
    The cake was cut by the birthday girl.
  5. por
    The painting hanging in the hall is by Van Gogh.
  6. por
    She got the job by impressing the interviewers with her knowledge.
  7. sob
    The judge ruled by the law of the land.
  8. por (jurando por)
    By Jove, you've finally understood the equation!
  9. por
    The librarian organized the books by author.
  10. pelo (grau ou quantidade)
    The temperature dropped by five degrees overnight.
  11. em sequência
    The team tackled the problem step by step.
  12. a (em quantidades de)
    He was eating cookies by the handful.
  13. cada
    The company's revenue is increasing by the month.
  14. segundo
    By the witness's account, the suspect fled the scene.
  15. por (medindo)
    The room measures 10 feet by 12 feet.

advérbio “by”

by (more/most)
  1. por
    As we sat on the porch, the parade went by with music and colorful floats.
  2. perto
    The post office is just by, around the corner.
  3. perto de
    Can you swing by the store and grab some milk?
  4. de reserva
    She put some money by for her vacation.

adjetivo “by”

forma base by, não graduável
  1. secundário
    We found a quiet by-lane to walk down.
  2. secundário
    The by-product of our invention is a reduction on CO2 emissions.