by (EN)

prepoziție, adverb, adjectiv

prepoziție “by”

1. lângă
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   The children played by the old oak tree.
2. pe lângă
   A cat slipped by the house unnoticed.
3. până la
   I need to finish this report by Friday.
4. de către
   The cake was cut by the birthday girl.
5. de (cu sensul de autor)
   The painting hanging in the hall is by Van Gogh.
6. prin
   She got the job by impressing the interviewers with her knowledge.
7. sub
   The judge ruled by the law of the land.
8. pe (cu sensul de jurământ)
   By Jove, you've finally understood the equation!
9. după
   The librarian organized the books by author.
10. cu
    The temperature dropped by five degrees overnight.
11. unul după altul
    The team tackled the problem step by step.
12. la
    He was eating cookies by the handful.
13. fiecare
    The company's revenue is increasing by the month.
14. după spusele
    By the witness's account, the suspect fled the scene.
15. înmulțit cu
    The room measures 10 feet by 12 feet.

adverb “by”

1. pe lângă (ca adverb)
   As we sat on the porch, the parade went by with music and colorful floats.
2. aproape
   The post office is just by, around the corner.
3. lângă
   Can you swing by the store and grab some milk?
4. deoparte
   She put some money by for her vacation.

adjectiv “by”

1. secundar
   We found a quiet by-lane to walk down.
2. incidental
   The by-product of our invention is a reduction on CO2 emissions.