by (EN)

介词，副词，形容词

介词 “by”

1. 在…旁边
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   The children played by the old oak tree.
2. 经过
   A cat slipped by the house unnoticed.
3. 在…之前
   I need to finish this report by Friday.
4. 由…造成
   The cake was cut by the birthday girl.
5. 由…创作
   The painting hanging in the hall is by Van Gogh.
6. 通过…方法
   She got the job by impressing the interviewers with her knowledge.
7. 根据…的权限
   The judge ruled by the law of the land.
8. 以…的名义发誓
   By Jove, you've finally understood the equation!
9. 按照…排列
   The librarian organized the books by author.
10. 按…的数量或程度
    The temperature dropped by five degrees overnight.
11. 一个接一个地
    The team tackled the problem step by step.
12. 每…数量
    He was eating cookies by the handful.
13. 每个
    The company's revenue is increasing by the month.
14. 据…所说
    By the witness's account, the suspect fled the scene.
15. 以…为尺寸
    The room measures 10 feet by 12 feet.

副词 “by”

1. 经过（表示从说话人这边经过）
   As we sat on the porch, the parade went by with music and colorful floats.
2. 在附近
   The post office is just by, around the corner.
3. 在…旁边
   Can you swing by the store and grab some milk?
4. 储存起来
   She put some money by for her vacation.

形容词 “by”

1. 偏僻的（形容词，指位置）
   We found a quiet by-lane to walk down.
2. 次要的（形容词，指重要性）
   The by-product of our invention is a reduction on CO2 emissions.