by (EN)
preposición, adverbio, adjetivo

preposición “by”

by
  1. cerca de
    The children played by the old oak tree.
  2. por
    A cat slipped by the house unnoticed.
  3. para (antes de un tiempo especificado)
    I need to finish this report by Friday.
  4. por
    The cake was cut by the birthday girl.
  5. de
    The painting hanging in the hall is by Van Gogh.
  6. por
    She got the job by impressing the interviewers with her knowledge.
  7. bajo
    The judge ruled by the law of the land.
  8. por
    By Jove, you've finally understood the equation!
  9. según
    The librarian organized the books by author.
  10. por
    The temperature dropped by five degrees overnight.
  11. uno tras otro
    The team tackled the problem step by step.
  12. en cantidades de
    He was eating cookies by the handful.
  13. cada
    The company's revenue is increasing by the month.
  14. según
    By the witness's account, the suspect fled the scene.
  15. por (indicando dimensiones)
    The room measures 10 feet by 12 feet.

adverbio “by”

by
  1. por (pasando un punto cerca del hablante)
    As we sat on the porch, the parade went by with music and colorful floats.
  2. cerca
    The post office is just by, around the corner.
  3. junto a
    Can you swing by the store and grab some milk?
  4. guardado
    She put some money by for her vacation.

adjetivo “by”

by, non-gradable
  1. apartado
    We found a quiet by-lane to walk down.
  2. secundario
    The by-product of our invention is a reduction on CO2 emissions.