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by (EN)
predložka, príslovka, prídavné meno

predložka “by”

by
  1. pri
    The children played by the old oak tree.
  2. popri
    A cat slipped by the house unnoticed.
  3. do (času)
    I need to finish this report by Friday.
  4. od (osoby, príčiny)
    The cake was cut by the birthday girl.
  5. od (autora)
    The painting hanging in the hall is by Van Gogh.
  6. pomocou
    She got the job by impressing the interviewers with her knowledge.
  7. podľa (autority, povolenia)
    The judge ruled by the law of the land.
  8. na (prísahu, svedka)
    By Jove, you've finally understood the equation!
  9. podľa (usporiadania)
    The librarian organized the books by author.
  10. o (množstvo, stupeň)
    The temperature dropped by five degrees overnight.
  11. po (rada)
    The team tackled the problem step by step.
  12. po (množstvách)
    He was eating cookies by the handful.
  13. každý
    The company's revenue is increasing by the month.
  14. podľa (výpovede)
    By the witness's account, the suspect fled the scene.
  15. krát (rozmer)
    The room measures 10 feet by 12 feet.

príslovka “by”

by (more/most)
  1. okolo (pohyb)
    As we sat on the porch, the parade went by with music and colorful floats.
  2. neďaleko (poloha)
    The post office is just by, around the corner.
  3. pri
    Can you swing by the store and grab some milk?
  4. bokom (uskladnenie)
    She put some money by for her vacation.

prídavné meno “by”

základný tvar by, negradovateľný
  1. vedľajší (poloha)
    We found a quiet by-lane to walk down.
  2. vedľajší (význam)
    The by-product of our invention is a reduction on CO2 emissions.