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by (EN)
předložka, příslovce, přídavné jméno

předložka “by”

by
  1. vedle
    The children played by the old oak tree.
  2. kolem
    A cat slipped by the house unnoticed.
  3. do (času)
    I need to finish this report by Friday.
  4. kým, čím (tvoří 7. pád následujícího podstatného jména)
    The cake was cut by the birthday girl.
  5. určuje autorství díla
    The painting hanging in the hall is by Van Gogh.
  6. pomocí
    She got the job by impressing the interviewers with her knowledge.
  7. podle
    The judge ruled by the law of the land.
  8. při (přísaze)
    By Jove, you've finally understood the equation!
  9. podle
    The librarian organized the books by author.
  10. o (míru nebo stupeň)
    The temperature dropped by five degrees overnight.
  11. po (sérii)
    The team tackled the problem step by step.
  12. po (množství)
    He was eating cookies by the handful.
  13. každý
    The company's revenue is increasing by the month.
  14. podle (výpovědi)
    By the witness's account, the suspect fled the scene.
  15. na (rozměry)
    The room measures 10 feet by 12 feet.

příslovce “by”

by (more/most)
  1. kolem (pohyb)
    As we sat on the porch, the parade went by with music and colorful floats.
  2. poblíž
    The post office is just by, around the corner.
  3. u
    Can you swing by the store and grab some milk?
  4. stranou
    She put some money by for her vacation.

přídavné jméno “by”

zákl. tvar by, nestupň.
  1. vedlejší (mimo hlavní oblast/cestu)
    We found a quiet by-lane to walk down.
  2. vedlejší (sekundární či původně nezamýšlený)
    The by-product of our invention is a reduction on CO2 emissions.