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by (EN)
przyimek, przysłówek, przymiotnik

przyimek “by”

by
  1. obok
    The children played by the old oak tree.
  2. koło
    A cat slipped by the house unnoticed.
  3. do
    I need to finish this report by Friday.
  4. przez
    The cake was cut by the birthday girl.
  5. autorstwa
    The painting hanging in the hall is by Van Gogh.
  6. za pomocą
    She got the job by impressing the interviewers with her knowledge.
  7. pod (np. pod nadzorem)
    The judge ruled by the law of the land.
  8. na (np. na świadka)
    By Jove, you've finally understood the equation!
  9. według
    The librarian organized the books by author.
  10. o (np. o stopień)
    The temperature dropped by five degrees overnight.
  11. po (np. po kolei)
    The team tackled the problem step by step.
  12. po (np. po kilogramie)
    He was eating cookies by the handful.
  13. każdy
    The company's revenue is increasing by the month.
  14. według (np. według kogoś)
    By the witness's account, the suspect fled the scene.
  15. na (np. na wymiar)
    The room measures 10 feet by 12 feet.

przysłówek “by”

by (more/most)
  1. obok
    As we sat on the porch, the parade went by with music and colorful floats.
  2. tuż
    The post office is just by, around the corner.
  3. przy
    Can you swing by the store and grab some milk?
  4. na zapas
    She put some money by for her vacation.

przymiotnik “by”

forma podstawowa by, niegradacyjny
  1. boczny
    We found a quiet by-lane to walk down.
  2. poboczny
    The by-product of our invention is a reduction on CO2 emissions.