by (EN)

preposició, adverbi, adjectiu

preposició “by”

1. a prop de
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   The children played by the old oak tree.
2. per davant de
   A cat slipped by the house unnoticed.
3. abans de
   I need to finish this report by Friday.
4. per
   The cake was cut by the birthday girl.
5. per
   The painting hanging in the hall is by Van Gogh.
6. mitjançant
   She got the job by impressing the interviewers with her knowledge.
7. sota
   The judge ruled by the law of the land.
8. per (jurant per)
   By Jove, you've finally understood the equation!
9. segons
   The librarian organized the books by author.
10. per (per la quantitat o grau de)
    The temperature dropped by five degrees overnight.
11. un rere l'altre
    The team tackled the problem step by step.
12. en quantitats de
    He was eating cookies by the handful.
13. cada
    The company's revenue is increasing by the month.
14. segons (segons declarat per)
    By the witness's account, the suspect fled the scene.
15. de (dimensions; mesurant de)
    The room measures 10 feet by 12 feet.

adverbi “by”

1. passant
   As we sat on the porch, the parade went by with music and colorful floats.
2. a prop
   The post office is just by, around the corner.
3. a prop de
   Can you swing by the store and grab some milk?
4. de reserva
   She put some money by for her vacation.

adjectiu “by”

1. secundari
   We found a quiet by-lane to walk down.
2. incidental
   The by-product of our invention is a reduction on CO2 emissions.