envelope (EN)

名詞

名詞 “envelope”

1. 封筒
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   She wrote a letter to her friend, placed it in an envelope, and mailed it the next day.
2. 何かを囲んだり包んだりする層や覆い。
   The spacecraft heated up as it passed through the envelope of Earth's atmosphere during re-entry.
3. 飛行船や熱気球のガスを含む風船のような部分。
   They carefully folded the hot air balloon's envelope after landing.
4. （工学）システムや装置の能力範囲または性能限界。
   The new engine design extends the performance envelope of the car, allowing it to reach higher speeds safely.
5. （電子工学）信号の振幅が時間とともにどのように変化するかを示す曲線。
   The engineer studied the signal's envelope on the oscilloscope to diagnose the issue.
6. 音楽において、音が始まってから終わるまでの間に音の大きさや音色が変化する様子。
   The musician adjusted the envelope of the synthesizer, altering how each note began and faded away.
7. （数学）曲線または曲面の族のそれぞれに接する曲線または曲面。
   In calculus class, they learned how to find the envelope of a set of lines, which represents their common tangents.
8. （生物学）臓器、細胞、またはウイルスを包む膜または層。
   The virus's outer envelope allows it to attach to and enter host cells.
9. （天文学）星や彗星を取り囲むガスの雲。
   The comet's bright envelope became visible through the telescope as it approached the sun.
10. （コンピューティング）メッセージの配信を助けるために追加される情報で、メッセージ自体の一部ではないもの。
    The email server reads the envelope of the message to determine where to deliver it.