sanction (EN)

noun, verb

noun “sanction”

1. a penalty or punitive measure intended to make people, organizations, or countries comply with laws or rules
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   The international community imposed economic sanctions on the nation after it tested nuclear weapons.
2. official approval or permission from an authority
   The project cannot proceed without the sanction of the city council.
3. a penalty; a provision in a law or contract that specifies punitive action
   The new regulation includes sanctions for companies that fail to reduce emissions.

verb “sanction”

1. to officially approve or permit; to give authority or consent to
   The board sanctioned the merger between the two companies.
2. to impose sanctions or penalties on; to penalize
   The regulatory agency sanctioned the firm for violating safety standards.